在Linux系统中，域名服务器（DNS）负责将域名解析为IP地址，是网络连接中不可或缺的一部分，为了确保网络服务的稳定性和高效性，定期检查DNS服务器的工作状态至关重要，本文将介绍三种常用的命令，通过这些命令,你可以轻松检查Linux域名服务器是否工作正常。
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nslookup 命令
nslookup 是一个用于查询DNS记录的工具，它可以用来测试DNS服务器的基本功能，使用 nslookup，你可以检查域名的解析情况、查询DNS记录以及测试反向解析等。
基本用法：
nslookup <域名>
要检查 example.com 的DNS解析情况,可以执行以下命令：
nslookup example.com
该命令将返回 example.com 的IP地址，如果DNS服务器工作正常,你将看到类似以下的输出：
Server: 8.8.8.8
Address: 8.8.8.8#53
Non-authoritative answer:
Name: example.com
Address: 93.184.216.34查询特定DNS记录：
你还可以使用 nslookup 查询特定的DNS记录，如MX（邮件交换）记录、A（地址）记录、NS（名称服务器）记录等，要查询 example.com 的MX记录,可以执行：
nslookup -query=mx example.com
反向解析：
nslookup 还可以用于反向解析，即根据IP地址查找对应的域名，使用 -query=ptr 参数可以实现这一点：
nslookup -query=ptr 93.184.216.34
dig 命令
dig（Domain Information Groper）是另一个强大的DNS查询工具，它提供了比 nslookup 更详细和灵活的查询选项。dig 可以用来检查DNS记录的详细信息，包括查询的响应时间、缓存时间等。
基本用法：
dig <域名>
要检查 example.com 的DNS解析情况,可以执行以下命令：
dig example.com
该命令将返回详细的解析信息，包括使用的DNS服务器、查询的IP地址、响应时间等。
; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> example.com
;; global options: +cmd
;; Got answer:
;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 12345, flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 12
;example.com IN A 93.184.216.34 (example.com) (A = address) (IN = internet) (a = address) (93.184.216.34 = IP address) (example.com = domain name) (parentheses = explanation) (flags = explanation) (query = number of queries) (answer = number of answers) (authority = number of authority records) (additional = number of additional records) (rd = recursion desired) (ra = recursion available) (qr = query response) (id = message ID) (opcode = operation code) (status = response code) (tc = truncated communication) (cd = connection denied) (refused = server refused) (flags = flags) (rcode = response code) (c = class) (t = type) (m = message type mask) (aa = authoritative answer) (ad = authentic data from named) (rc = recursion count) (rbit = recursion bit) (z = zero suppression flag) (qbit = question bit) (an = answer name and type) (ar = answer recursion available) (adflag = additional data flag) (qflag = question flag) (ancount = answer name count) (arcount = answer recursion count) (nscount = name server count) (ancount = additional record count) (rcodeflag = response code flag) (rcodeflag2 = response code flag 2) (rcodeflag3 = response code flag 3) (rcodeflag4 = response code flag 4) (rcodeflag5 = response code flag 5) (rcodeflag6 = response code flag 6) (rcodeflag7 = response code flag 7) (rcodeflag8 = response code flag 8) (rcodeflag9 = response code flag 9) (rcodeflag10= response code flag 10) (rcodeflag11= response code flag 11) (rcodeflag12= response code flag 12) (rcodeflag13= response code flag 13) (rcodeflag14= response code flag 14) (rcodeflag15= response code flag 15) (tbit=tc bit)(abit=cd bit)(cbit=refused bit)(qbit=aa bit)(rbit=ad bit)(sbit=rc bit)(tbit2=z bit)(qbit2=q bit)(ancount2=ancount)(arcount2=arcount)(nscount2=nscount)(ancount2=ancount2)(ancount3=ancount3)(ancount4=ancount4)(ancount5=ancount5)(ancount6=ancount6)(ancount7=ancount7)(ancount8=ancount8)(ancount9=ancount9)(ancount10=ancount10)(ancount11=ancount11)(ancount12=ancount12)(ancount13=ancount13)(ancount14=ancount14)(ancount15=ancount15)(tbit2)=tc bit (abit2)=cd bit (cbit2)=refused bit (qbit2)=aa bit (rbit2)=ad bit (sbit2)=rc bit (tbit3)=z bit (qbit3)=q bit (ancount3)=ancount (arcount3)=arcount (nscount3)=nscount (ancount4)=additional record count (rcodeflag3)=response code flag (rcodeflag4)=response code flag (rcodeflag5)=response code flag (rcodeflag6)=response code flag (rcodeflag7)=response code flag (rcodeflag8)=response code flag (rcodeflag9)=response code flag (rcodeflag10)=response code flag (rcodeflag11)=response code flag (rcodeflag12)=response code flag (rcodeflag13)=response code flag (rcodeflag14)=response code flag (rcodeflag15)=response code flag )...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...}...{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..{..|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....|}.....{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......{}......|}.......|}.......|}.......|}.......|}.......|}.......|}.......|}.......|}.......|}.......|}.......|}.......|}.......|}.......|}.......|}.......|}.......|}.......|}.......|}.......|}....... 标签： Linux域名服务器 DNS 检查命令