在网络管理和故障排除中,了解一个域名是如何被解析到特定的IP地址，以及这个解析过程涉及哪些DNS服务器，是极其重要的，本文将详细介绍如何查询某一域名解析到的DNS服务器及其IP地址，包括使用命令行工具和在线工具的方法。
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使用命令行工具查询
使用 nslookup
nslookup 是一个常用的网络诊断工具，可以用来查询DNS记录，以下是使用 nslookup 查询域名解析过程的步骤：
-
打开命令提示符（Windows）或终端（Linux/macOS）。
-
输入
nslookup命令，并跟上你要查询的域名，nslookup example.com
-
你会看到类似以下的输出：
Server: 8.8.8.8 Address: 8.8.8.8#53 Non-authoritative answer: Name: example.com Address: 93.184.216.34
这里,
8.8.8是负责解析该域名的DNS服务器（即递归名称服务器），而184.216.34是域名的IP地址。
使用 dig
dig（Domain Information Groper）是另一个强大的DNS查询工具，以下是使用 dig 查询域名解析过程的步骤：
-
打开命令提示符（Windows）或终端（Linux/macOS）。
-
输入
dig命令，并跟上你要查询的域名，dig example.com
-
你会看到类似以下的输出：
; <<>> DiG 9.16.1-Ubuntu <<>> example.com ;; global options: +cmd ;; Got answer: ;; ->>HEADER<<- opcode: QUERY, status: NOERROR, id: 64753 ;; flags: qr rd ra; QUERY: 1, ANSWER: 1, AUTHORITY: 0, ADDITIONAL: 1 ; QUESTION SECTION: ;example.com. IN A example.com ; ANSWER SECTION: example.com. 600 IN A 93.184.216.34 ;; Query time: 27 msec ;; SERVER: 8.8.8.8#53(g) ;; WHEN: Mon, 27 Sep 2023 09:55:07 GMT ;; MSG SIZE rcvd: 56
这里,
8.8.8是负责解析该域名的DNS服务器，而184.216.34是域名的IP地址，你可以通过;; SERVER:行找到DNS服务器的IP地址。
使用 host 命令（Linux/macOS）
在Linux和macOS系统中,你可以使用内置的 host 命令来查询DNS信息：
host example.com
输出示例：
example.com has address 93.184.216.34
example.com is an alias for www-example-com-cdn-0001-0002-0003-0004-0005-0006-0007-0008-0009-000a-000b-000c-000d-000e-000f-001e-s-a-edgecastcdn-net-eastus-us-east-1a-azr-us-east-1a-azr-us-east-1a-azr-us-east-1a-azr-us-east-1a-azr-us-east-1a-azr-us-east-1a-azr-us-east-1a-azr-us-east-1a-azr-us-east-1a-azr.edgecastcdn.net.akadns.net (93.184.216.34) (93 aliases) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... (truncated) ... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc.]... [etc...]... [etc...]... [etc...]... [etc...]... [etc...]... [etc...]... [etc...]... [etc...]... [etc...]... [etc...]... [etc...]... [etc...]... [etc...]... [{{more}}]... [{more}]... [{more}]... [{more}]... [{more}]... [{more}]... [{more}]... [{more}]... [{more}]... [{more}]... [{more}]... [{more}]... [{more}]... [{more}]... [{more}]... [{more}]... [{more}]... [{more}]... [{more}].. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . {{end}} of truncated output} } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } { { { { { { { { { { { { | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { { \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \end{verbatim} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} \} } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } } }} etc.\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\ldots\